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After the post once wrote about how the network addresses are made up, I thought I would continue to describe how the networks are made.
course I limit myself to a network of domestic type, so simple in construction.

Once you have a internet connection, to connect the various computers, you use a router followed by a network switch.
The router includes input where you insert the cable of your Internet connection (ADSL, ISDN, etc.). And is the one that routes packets to and from your home machine.
In the market there are already routers with multiple ports which connect the PC (so you avoid the expense of the switch) and also models that incorporate the functionality of access point for wireless networks Wi-Fi.
Almost all routers have a built-in firewall, since all packets are forced to pass through the router.

The thing that most troubles to a non-expert users the router must be configured manually, here, in fact, should I add the data of your connection.
What I do not know is that you can dedicate a specific computer to replace a router and that, under Linux, there are special distributions to achieve this, such as, for example, or IPCop LiveCdRouter or Monowall.
But you can also have it with a simple distribution and the packages right.

However, once installed the router, this output connects to any home PC with a switch (unless the router is not already equipped with built-in switch).
This does nothing more than route packets from the PC to the router or to another PC connected, his intelligence is limited to distigue where they go to and from the packages and do not need to configure it, just feed it.

Once connected everything, it switches to the configuration of the network adapters of the PC, which will be detailed in the next post.